N,N-Dimethylformamide (Dimethylformamide, DMFA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H. A colorless, rather viscous liquid with a weak specific "fishy" odor due to the presence of a decomposition product - dimethylamine, in its pure form practically odorless.
Catalog Number for Dimethylformamide CAS: 68-12-2
Synonyms: dimethylformamide, N, N-Dimethylformamide; DMFA; DMFA; dimethylformamide; N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethylformamide, DMF
 

Structure and properties

Due to the presence of two resonant forms in dimethylformamide, the bond order C=O is reduced, and C-N is increased. Thus, in the infrared spectrum, there is a decrease in the frequency of the carbonyl group (1675 cm-1) compared to that for the free one. Also, due to the partially double nature of the nitrogen-carbon bond, at room temperature, the inhibited rotation around it in the PMR time scale. In this case, two signals (singlets) of the methyl group with an intensity of 3 protons δ 2.97 and 2.88 are observed, instead of one singlet of 6 protons.

Clearing

Dimethylformamide-raw, containing insignificant amounts of moisture, dimethylamine, dimethylammonium formate and monomethylformamide, is purified by vacuum rectification.
 

Application

DMFA is applied as a solvent in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber (nitron), and other polymers
for dissolving dyes in the dyeing of leather, paper, wood, viscose, etc.
for the absorption of HCl, SO2 and other acid gases, along with acetonitrile, it is a frequently used solvent in EPR spectroscopy for the production of aldehydes according to Wilsmayer for conducting spectroscopic studies in the near infrared region

Safety

The reaction using sodium hydride in DMFA is partly dangerous. Exothermic decomposition above 26 °C has been reported. In laboratory conditions, this problem is solved by using ice baths. In experimental productions, several incidents were reported when using these reagents.
 

Toxicity

It is assumed that DMFA is a carcinogen, and the appearance of congenital pathologies is also attributed to it. Women are not allowed to conduct processes related to the use of DMFA. For many reactions, it can be replaced with dimethyl sulfoxide. Irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes. MPC 10 mg/m3
 

Strong solvent.

   It is used in the production of polyurethane products.
   Wide application in the electronic industry (production of component base).
   It is used as a solvent in the production of acrylic fiber.
   In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a substance for the synthesis of drugs.
 
Packaging: 190 l metal barrels or IBC 950kg
Keeping: Store in a dry place.
Hazard class: Hazard class 3
 
Boiling point:153°C
Melting Point: -61°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.95
Solubility in water:miscible
Vapor pressure, Pa at 25°C:about 492
Relative vapor density (air = 1):2.5
Relative density of the vapor/air mixture at 20°C (air = 1):1.00
Flash point:58°C c.c.
Self-ignition temperature:445°C
Explosion limits, volume% in air: 2.2-15.2 at 100°C
Octanol/water distribution coefficient as lg Pow: -0.87
 

Danger to humans

 
TLV (maximum threshold concentration, USA):10 ppm (mg/kg); (skin) (ACGIH 2000).MAC (maximum permissible concentration, USA): 10 ppm; 30 mg/m(cubic meter); skin
Russian standards:According to GOST 12.1.005 Dimethylformamide is classified as a hazard class: 2. The maximum single MPC in the air of the working area is 10 mg/m (cubic meter).
Routes of entry: The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.
With short-term exposure to concentrations exceeding MPC
The substance irritates the eyes. The substance can have an effect on the liver, leading to jaundice.
Long-term impact: The substance can have an effect on the liver, leading to functional disorders. Animal studies show that the substance may have a toxic effect on human reproductive function.
 

Fire and explosion hazard

Explosive vapor/air mixtures may form at temperatures above 58°C. Use closed ventilation.
 
Dangerous air pollution will be achieved rather slowly when this substance evaporates at 20 °C.
 
The substance decomposes during heating or during combustion with the formation of toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents, nitrates and halogenated hydrocarbons.
 

In case of leaks

 
Ventilation. Remove all sources of fire. Collect the leaking and spilled liquid in airtight containers as soon as possible. Fill the remaining liquid with sand or an inert absorbent, collect and remove it to a safe place. (additional personal protection: full set of protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus).
Environmental impact
The effect of the substance on the environment has been investigated, but no effects have been identified.